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Sweden : PhD scholarship in Biology

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Resolution of bee vision ? ecological and behavioural constraints
An eye of a given size is limited in its spatial resolution, absolute and contrast sensitivity, and spectral or colour resolution. In a compound eye, absolute sensitivity, for instance, demands large facets, while high spatial resolution demands many facets. At a given eye size, an eye has to find a compromise between these. High absolute sensitivity, as another example, favours large receptors sensitive to long wavelengths, while high colour resolution favours equally sensitive receptors of several spectral types which, in turn, will be less sensitive.

In addition to eye design, neural mechanisms contribute to the final outcome of any measure of spatial resolution. An eye may have high spatial resolution for large-field stimuli but lower resolution for smaller stimuli, or vice versa. And an eye may also use pathways of different acuity for different types of behaviour. In bumblebees, the minimum resolvable spatial wavelength of a moving grating is 2.6 deg, but the estimate of the minimum resolvable spatial wavelength for the centering response is much higher.

Within this project we are interested in studying the relationship between different visual capacities in different species of bees. Starting with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), kept in the Lund Vision Group labs, we will study the spatial resolution for gratings using training experiments in y-mazes and flight tunnels. We will measure spatial resolution for achromatic and isoluminant chromatic gratings in two different behavioural contexts; feeding and flight speed control. The contrast sensitivity for these gratings will also be measured under different light levels.

After studying diurnal bumblebees as model animals, we will ask how the giant bee (Apis dorsata) with an eye of similar size as a bumblebee, differs. Does this facultatively nocturnal bee invest more into higher sensitivity; does it do so on the cost of spatial resolution? Finally, we aim at understanding which advance in visual capabilities the large Indian carpenter bees ? both diurnal and nocturnal species (Xylocopa tranquebarica and tenuiscapa) gain by having really much larger eyes than both of the other species.

The project involves behavioural tests on bees (both in the lab and in the field in Sweden and India) but also some mathematical modelling.

Eligibility/Entry Requirements

A completed masters degree in Biology, or equivalent. The applicant?s undergraduate education should include sensory biology, neurobiology or pollination ecology. Previous experience of field work and behavioral work with insects, specifically with hymenopterans, is highly desirable. Very good knowledge in English is a requirement for the position. A good motivation to why the applicant choses to apply for this specific position should be included in the application and will be evaluated.

Basis of Assessment

In addition to research the doctoral student will be required to contribute to teaching and supervision of undergraduate students.

Further Information

Application Deadline : 15 February 2012

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Posted on 2012-02-09 11:33:17

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